Este artigo apresenta a pertinência do olhar dissidente de Jan Patočka para a atualidade. A partir de sua obra fundamental, tecemos considerações em torno à sua perspectiva fenomenológico-existencial. O intuito é destacar seu engajamento filosófico existencial, a pertinência de suas críticas ao totalitarismo e sua preocupação com o avanço de uma tecnocracia que ameaça a existência humana. Argumenta-se que a postura filosófica do filósofo de Praga torna-se paradigmática para a conjuntura atual e para a práxis filosófica autêntica.

O trabalho apresenta uma perspectiva de investigação das estruturas do Lebenswelt, emparticular de suas dimensões temporal e linguística. Faz isto a partir das características dessemundo destacadas por E. Husserl em sua obra A crise das ciências europeias e a fenomenologiatranscendental e das relações essenciais estabelecidas por Paul Ricoeur entre a experiênciahumana do tempo e as narrativas em sua obra Temps et Récit. Enfatiza-se a interpretação dasnarrativas de ficção como via de acesso privilegiada à compreensão dessas relações e de seusmodos de (...) participação na estruturação de um mundo, considerando-se a elucidação danatureza e lugar das narrativas históricas e de ficção na existência dos homens levada a cabopor Ricoeur em sua hermenêutica. (shrink)

Resumen:La reflexión sobre el significado de la noción de trabajo tiene desarrollo en la teología brasileña del siglo XX. Para entender el concepto, hacemos una revisión de la literatura académica del período, pensada en paralelo con los hechos históricos relacionados al trabajo y dentro de las distintas comprensiones metodológicas del quehacer teológico de la región. Esta revisión es esencial para alcanzar un status quaestionis de la comprensión de la noción de trabajo en la teología brasileña, pues esta comprensión amplia no (...) estaba hecha. A la vez, el status quaestionis se presenta como necesario para entender cuál es la aportación de la teología brasileña en este tema, es decir, es base para futuros estudios y aporta elementos para la elaboración de un concepto de trabajo basado en la reflexión teológica brasileña. Quizá la principal aportación sea la comprensión de la unidad de las dimensiones subjetiva y objetiva del trabajo.Palabras clave: Trabajo; teología de la liberación; siglo XX; moral social; Brasil. (shrink)

Audiovisual communication is greatly contributing to the emerging research field of affective computing. The use of audiovisual stimuli within immersive virtual reality environments is providing very intense emotional reactions, which provoke spontaneous physical and physiological changes that can be assimilated into real responses. In order to ensure high-quality recognition, the artificial intelligence system must be trained with adequate data sets, including not only those gathered by smart sensors but also the tags related to the elicited emotion. Currently, there are very (...) few techniques available for the labeling of emotions. Among them, the Self-Assessment Manikin devised by Lang is one of the most popular. This study shows experimentally that the graphic proposal for the original SAM labelling system, as devised by Lang, is not neutral to gender and contains gender biases in its design and representation. Therefore, a new graphic design has been proposed and tested according to the guidelines of expert judges. The results of the experiment show an overall improvement in the labeling of emotions in the pleasure–arousal–dominance affective space, particularly, for women. This research proves the relevance of applying the gender perspective in the validation of tools used throughout the years. (shrink)

Specifically tailored industrial control systems attacks are becoming increasingly sophisticated, accentuating the need of ICS cyber security. The nature of these systems makes traditional IT security measures not suitable, requiring expressly developed security countermeasures. Within the past decades, research has been focused in network-based intrusion detection systems. With the appearance of software-defined networks, new opportunities and challenges have shown up in the research community. This paper describes the potential benefits of using SDNs in industrial networks with security purposes and presents (...) the set up and results of a pilot experiment carried out in a scaled physical implementation. The experimental set up consists in the detection of ICMP flood and packet payload alteration based on signature comparison. Results point to the potential viability of the technology for intrusion detection and the need of researching in architectural scalability. (shrink)

En el presente artículo se trata la pobreza en relación con el tiempo y el género. En primer lugar, se describen los argumentos que acreditan la situación de pobreza de tiempo y se delimitan los conceptos que la diferencian de otros como el déficit de tiempo o la privación de tiempo. En segundo lugar, se analiza el impacto que las políticas de ajuste estructural están teniendo sobre la dedicación al trabajo no remunerado, por la menguante labor del Estado y por (...) la caída de ingresos en las familias. En tercer lugar, se contempla la situación del mercado laboral en relación con la ampliación de los tiempos de trabajo, así como con la flexibilidad impuesta; se observa cómo los empleos atípicos producen privación de tiempo y restan autonomía sobre el tiempo propio. Por último, se recogen algunas aportaciones que tratan sobre la riqueza y/o la cualidad del tiempo, sus dimensiones y la necesaria articulación de los distintos tiempos sociales. (shrink)

Los adelantos técnicos que se desarrollan a una velocidad prodigiosa y que tienden a modificar las costumbres y las relaciones humanas en las sociedades occidentales llevan a plantear una frase : adónde va la ciencia. Pero esta locucion puede tener una connotación interrogativa ¿adónde va la ciencia? o exclamativa ¡adónde va la ciencia! En efecto, el contenido semántico de esta aparentemente simple frase está cargado de múltiples significaciones relacionadas con diversos procesos psicosociológicos que se acentúan al referirse al transhumanismo. Para (...) dar una respuesta a la conformación de sus múltiples significados y con el objeto de precisar si el transhumanismo es una filosofía científica o una ideología tecnológica vamos a proceder a un análisis ideosemántico. (shrink)

Contextuality is a particular quantum phenomenon that has no analogue in classical probability theory. Given two independent systems, a natural question is how to represent such a situation as a single test space. In other words, how separate contextuality scenarios combine into a joint scenario. Under the premise that the the allowed probabilistic models satisfy the No Signalling principle, Foulis and Randall defined the unique possible way to compose two contextuality scenarios. When composing strictly-more than two test spaces, however, a (...) variety of possible composition methods have been conceived. Nevertheless, all these formally-distinct composition methods appear to give rise to observationally equivalent scenarios, in the sense that the different compositions all allow precisely the same sets of classical and quantum probabilistic models. This raises the question of whether this property of invariance-under-composition-method is special to classical and quantum probabilistic models, or if it generalizes to other probabilistic models as well, our particular focus being \ models. \ models are physically important since, when applied to scenarios constructed by a particular composition rule, coincide with the well-defined “Almost Quantum Correlations”. In this work we see that some composition rules, however, give rise to scenarios with inequivalent allowed sets of \ models. We find that the non-trivial dependence of \ models on the choice of composition method is apparently an artifact of failure of those composition rules to capture the orthogonality relations given by the Local Orthogonality principle. We prove that \ models satisfy invariance-under-composition-method for all the constructive compositions protocols which do capture this notion of Local Orthogonality. (shrink)

O objetivo deste texto é mobilizar a noção de sofrimento social como uma das dimensões estruturantes do fenômeno da pobreza. Para realizar esse trajeto, são apresentados, inicialmente, os contornos mais decisivos do sofrimento social que podem ser mobilizados para realizar o objetivo proposto. Em seguida, apresenta-se uma noção de pobreza construída a partir da crítica à tendência de aproximação, frequente nas poverty theories, entre pobreza e mínimo. Finalmente, no terceiro momento, diferentes níveis de pobreza são articulados às diferentes formas de (...) sofrimento social, com especial atenção para experiências de humilhação. (shrink)

La bioética ha cobrado autonomía académica y difusión social, al abordar los problemas relacionados con el origen y final de la vida humana y las exigencias morales derivadas de su protección. Su repercusión sobre el derecho plantea exigencias específicas, relacionadas con el aborto, la posibilidad de disponer para unos u otros fines de embriones humanos o la eutanasia. Ha surgido así el bioderecho, que se verá urgido por la biopolítica, para que le sirva de instrumento convirtiendo en socialmente normales determinados (...) planteamientos moralmente cuestionados. Andrés Ollero es catedrático de Filosofía del Derecho en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. Entre sus obras más relevantes, particularmente atentas a la jurisprudencia constitucional española, pueden citarse: Derechos humanos y metodología jurídica, Discriminación por razón de sexo, Igualdad en la aplicación de la ley y precedente judicial, Derecho a la verdad, España ¿un Estado laico? y ¿Tiene razón el derecho?. (shrink)

Se realizó un trabajo de educación en valores humanos con métodos participativos en estudiantes del nuevo modelo formativo de Enfermería de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey en la Filial de Nuevitas, para la ejecución de la tarea se capacitó a profesores y tutores, objetivo por el cual se diseñó la estrategia educativa. Se enunciaron las dificultades del objeto de investigación, resultado del diagnóstico aplicado, se confirmó la ausencia de estrategia educativa en el uso de métodos participativos con tal (...) fin, y la necesidad del diseño. Se utilizaron las etapas dirigidas a la capacitación, la sensibilización, la planificación, la valoración y el control de la ejecución del sistema de acciones con el colectivo pedagógico para el perfeccionamiento de la educación en valores con estos métodos. A teaching work based on human values with the implementation of participatory methods was carried out for Nursing students of the new training model at the seat of the Medical University of Camagüey in Nuevitas. Tutors and professors were trained to put this task into practice, reason why the teaching strategy was designed. The difficulties of the research object as a result of the applied diagnosis were set out. The lack of a teaching strategy in the use of participatory methods for this purpose, and the need of the design were stated. Stages aimed at training, awareness-raising, planning, assessment and control of the system of actions implementation with the pedagogical team in order to improve values education with these methods, were used. (shrink)

This Work aims at reflecting on mystics, within the Western tradition, departing Lima Vaz’ thought, in order to try identifying the function that rested reserved to Mystic Experience, in the Modern Society, Society that, as It purposes Itself destroying the Sacred one up the World, has put aside Religion as a factor of legitimation regarding to public sphere. Its purpose is recovering some historical-philosophical aspects regarding to Christian Tradition in order to understanding better the level regarding to crisis of meaning (...) of this Society can be linked to the progressive lack concerning the originary relation of the Human Being with the Transcendence Itself since that this lacking subverted the constitutive nucleus of its own identity as an open. We may assume that this Reflection of ours will be turned on contributing for reflecting of the Christian Mystics et its contribution for the dialogue with the plurality of the actual ways of spiritualities, in front of crisis concerning the contemporaneity. (shrink)

O presente artigo pretende sublinhar, na forma de breves apontamentos gerais, os contornos mais amplos da crítica de Honneth a alguns aspectos do pensamento habermasiano. Tal crítica é norteada especialmente por uma investigação dos critérios morais e normativos das lutas sociais que Honneth recupera, por meio de uma apropriação crítica do pensamento do jovem Hegel. O ponto central defendido por Honneth é que as possibilidades da experiência interativo-comunicativa não podem ser resumidas ou tomadas exclusivamente na interação linguística, nem mesmo esta (...) última pode ser perseguida em seu aspecto ideal, sem a pressuposição dos contextos conflituosos nos quais ela sempre está inserida. (shrink)

This paper shows that the Freudian “timelessness” of psychical process is not to be understood as a bare consequence of his distinction between conscious and unconscious psychical process. It shows that Freud have a positive and phenomenological characterization of that timelessness, obtained and affirmed beyond and against that distinction, and that the challenge that Freud, with this timelessness, throws to a “Kantian” philosophy is not completely senseless, but can be well worked-out in a somewhat Bergsonian lines.

Living labs represent an important step in the development of research solutions based on the inclusive design paradigm. To ensure participants' rights and the adoption of an ethical approach to technological research, this paper presents some tools and strategies that comply with the needs and rights of those less advantaged groups to ensure that their rights and demands are taken into account. There is a gap in the construction and development of norms for a living lab. This article summarizes the (...) efforts made to achieve the goals of ethical awareness, enumerates the issues related to the ethical problems that may arise during participatory design and living labs environments, describes working routines, and outlines recommendations for achieving this objective. This paper attempts to focus on those aspects of research development that directly or indirectly come into contact with issues of ethics, privacy, and security related to participants in the context of any research conducted using a living lab approach. It also includes thoughts about the importance of information and communication technologies on the public domain and their implications for privacy. The importance of ethical awareness is even more evident in the case of enterprises where elderly and disabled users are present. For that reason, there are several legal tools that can be applied in a living lab setting, tools that are pertinent even though they may not have been conceived specifically to regulate this environment, may be used in a precarious way and might be temporary as well, just to proceed with the setting up of the living lab. However, the specificity and idiosyncrasy of this research environment demands further efforts to establish procedures that will facilitate both the proper set-up and smooth running of the living lab. (shrink)

Ortega y Gasset’s first book Meditaciones del Quijote, is here one more analyzed the relevant of his theory of the novel for his philosophy. After noting its similitudes with the well known study of G. Lukacs 2. Theory of the Novel, it is suggested that Ortega viewed the novel as a mean to study the real structure of human life, as a result, he viewed the “Quixote” as a truly adequate door through which to enter into the philosophy of human (...) life or existence, the understanding of Spanish idiosyncratic mentality, and the pecualirities of the novel as compared with other literary genres. (shrink)